Pretzel-making machine.



G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6.1910.

Patented June 8, 1915.

9 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVENTOR Geo. H. Schaetzel,

wmvssss:

G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6. I910.

Patented June 8, 191

9 SHEETSSHEET 2- 55 9 9 Q m 8 m m n 4. t w 1% 17 M I h E W h g 4 m H H oa m 2 7 m 0 5 g. 4 n/ HM..- .J, o fl x 2 6 I. w u 8 Vi 4 w I 5 w 1 1 n 7U 8 m m I 1 5 8 5 w. w w a, m 4 p M Q I G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6I 1910.

Patented June 8, 1915.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Ill/VENTOR Geo. H. Schaetzel, 0? Br AT 4 H8 WITNESSES.

Geo. H Schaetzel, 05L 2 BY G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6.1910.

1 ,142,533. Patented June 8, 1915.

HITS-SHEET s. I '77 llwmron Geo. H. Schaetzel,

G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED sun: 6. 1910.

1,142,533. Patented June 8, 1915.

9 SHEETS'SHEET 7- WITNESSES: lNl/E/WOR MZYHSchaetzeI,

G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6.1910.

1,142,533. Patented June 8, 1915.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

INVENTOR Geo. H. Schaetzel,

G. H. SCHAETZEL.

PRETZEL MAKING MACHINE.-

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6.1910.

A ORA/H8 l/VVE/VTOR Geo. H. Schaetzel, iwzww Patented June 8, 1915.

s SHEETS-SHEET 9 WITNESSES.

UNITED sures PATENT car es.

GEORGE H. SCHAETZEL, F S'1.: LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO PFENNINGERPRETZEL & BAKING COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OFMISSOURI.

rnErzEL-MAKINc MACHINE.

, Application med June 6, 1910. Serial No. 565,310.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that-I, GEORGE SCHAETZEL, a citizen of the United States,residing at St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new and usefulPretzel-Making Machine, of which the following is sucha full, clear, andexact description as will enable any one skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

Heretofore pretzels have either been twistedby hand or when made bymachinery have been stamped out of sheets of dou h by means of dies. Inmaking pretzels in t e last mentioned manner the pretzel. lacks thecharacteristics which are'imparted by rolling the dough and furthermorea different kind of dough must be used in order that it does not stick.to the die.

The object of my invention is to provide means whereby the ordinaryrolled and twisted pretzel may be manufactured entirely by machinery.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate one form of machine madein accordance with my invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of thecomplete machine; Fig. 2 is a vertical central section through theportion of the machine for rolling the dough: Fig. 3 is a perspectiveview showing the fingers for holding the loop of rolled dough; Figs. 4and 5 are a front and side view respectively showing the manner' oftransferring the loop of dough to the twisting mechanism; Fig. 6 is aside view showing thefingers for holding the loop of dough; Figs. 7 and8 are views showing the mechanism for closing ,the clamping fingers;Fig. 9 is a vertical central section through the twisting mechanism;Figs. 10 and 11 are a side view-and a bottom plan view respectively ofthe cams for operating the twistingmechanism; Figs. 12 and 13 are planviews of the holder of the twisting mechanism, the parts being shown indifferent positions; Fig. 14 is a side view partly in section of theparts shown in Fig; 12; Figs. 15 and 16 are views similar to Figs. 7 and8 but taken at right angles thereto; Fig. 17 is a side view of theclamping and twisting mechanism; Fig. 18 is an enlarged section showingthe manner of holding one ofthe knives for severing the dough; Fig.

3 19 is a side view partly in section of the Specification of LettersPatent.

. roller 41.

Patented June 8, 1915.

positions; big. IS a plan view of the parts 'shown in Fig. 21; Figs. 26and 2( are sectional views showlng details of construction .of the doughholdingdevice; Fig. 28 is an enlarged detail view showing the mechanismfor scraping the clamping face and fingers 0fthe twisting device; Fig;29 is an additional sectional view of the twisting device; Figs. 30 and31 are enlarged sectional views showing details of the cylinder andconcave for rolling the dough; Fig. 32 is an enlarged sectional view ofthe part shown in Fig. 28; Fig. 33 is an enlarged detail view of themechanism for ejecting the pretzel from the machine and Figs. 34 and 35are plan views showing the mechanism for opening the clamping fingers.

Like marks of reference refer to similar parts in the several views inthe drawings.

represents the'frame of the machine which supports a roller 41 forrolling the dough into long slender pieces adapted to form the pretzel.This frame 40 for convenience in manufacture and assembling the machineis preferably made separate from the frame 42 carrying the twistingmechanism. The roll 41 is covered with a Wire netting 43. The roll 41cooperates with a concave having an interior lining 44 of wire nettingsimilar to the netting 43 on the This netting 44 is secured to a backing45 of thin-metal as best shown in Figs. 30 and 31. This backing 45 0thin metal is adapted to slip into the space within' the supportingportion 46 of the concave. The netting 44 and the backing 45 can beremoved together from the concave so that both may be cleaned of anyadhering dough. To prevent the sagging of the netting 44 and backing 45it is preferably held in grooves formed between the backing and strips47, as best shown in Fig. 31. The part 46 forming the body of theconcave may be adjusted toward and away from the roller 41 by means ofbolts 48 engaging with adjusting nuts 49. The adjusting nuts 49 arearranged in slots 51 in the frame 40, as best shown in Fig. 2. Arrangedat the top of the roll 41 is a smaller roll 52- which is also coveredwithwire netting. A hopper and 52. The dough is fed into the hopper 54by means of an endless belt conveyer 55 as shown in Fig. 2. The lumps ofdough may be of any suitable form but are preferably approximatelycubical. The roll 52 is driven at a considerable less peripheral speedthan the roll 41. It is driven by means of a belt 56 passing over apulley 57 on the said roll 52 and a pulley 58 on the shaft 59 of theroll 41. Owing to the difference in speed between the rolls 52 and 41the lumps of dough are oppositelydrawn between the two rolls and at thesame time given a rolling motion to form them into cylindrical pieceswhich will pass between the netting 44 and the roll 41. The netting 44together with its backing 45 extends beyond the concave 46, as bestshown in Fig. 2, and the projecting part is supported by an adjustablerod 71. By adjusting the rod 71 the space between the roll 41 and thenetting 44 for receiving the dough can be regw lated. The dough inpassing between the netting 44 and the roll 41 is rolled out into a longslender cylinder which is deposited upon a;belt 60 passing around asmall roller 61 and a larger roller 62. Arranged above this belt 60 is'asmoothing board 63 and below it a support 72. While the purpose of theboard 63 is to smooth out the coarse markings made on the dough by thewire netting, it must not be too smooth or the dough will fail to rollbetween it and the belt 60. In order to give the lower face of the board63 the proper surface I cover it with cotton belting 73 which hassuflicient teeth to engage the dough but at the same time will removethe rough markings made.

by the wire netting. When the strip of dough reaches the end of the belt60 it strikes against a swinging plate 64 and falls down between the endof the conveyer 60 and the said plate 64 on to'fingers 65 and 66 shownin detail in Fig. 3. The central finger 65 is provided with a longpoint67 while the side fingers 66 are provided with shorter points 68. Thesefingers normally stand in an inclined position as shown in Fig. 6, themovement of the fingers being limited in one direction by means of atailpiece 69 formed on the central finger 65 and striking against thelower strand of the belt or conveyer 60, as shown in Fig. 6 and in theopposite direction by the part 108. The ngers normally stand at an angleso that the roll of dough will slide down against the upturned ends, asshown in Fig. 6, but are raised into horizontal position as will behereinafter described when the rolls are to be removed. The forwardmovement of the plate or apron 64 is limited by means of set screws 70adapted to strike against the frame 42, as best shown in Fig. 9. Themovement of the plate in the opposite direction is limited by the roll61. In order to adjust the roll 61 and plate 64 toward and away from thetwisting mechanism the said roll 61 is carried in bearings 74 adjustablysecured to the frame 40 by means of bolts 89 and nuts 97. The apron 64is provided with an offset or bend 98 (see Figs. 4 and 6) to prevent anypossibility of the loops of dough 99 being pressed between the rollerand the upper end of the fork by the return movement of the plate. Therolls or loops of dough after being deposited upon the fingers 65 and 66are next engaged by the twisting mechanism which will now be described.

Mounted in the frame 42 is a. shaft 75 upon which are mounted sideframes 76 forming a rotary inember for carrying the various twistingdevices. These twisting devices may be of any suitable number. In thedrawings I have shown the machine as provided with six of them. Each ofthe twisting devices consists of a base piece 77 (see Figs. 12, 13, 14and 17 secured to one of the arms of the rotary member 76 and a frame 78pivoted at 79 to the said base 77.

Carried by the base 77 are two large pins 80 and two small pins 81, bestshown in Figs. 12 and 13. These pins 80 and 81 form a support aroundwhich the loop of dough is placed to form the same into a pretzel.

The pins 80 and 81 are surrounded by means of a block 82 forming anejector. This block 82 is normally held toward the base 77 by means of acoil spring 83 attached to a pin 84 secured to the block 82, as best.shown in Fig. 14. The pin 84 is surrounded by a nut 85 adapted tostrike against the base 77, as-best shown in Fig. 27. In order to varythe distance between the base 77 and the block 82 when in its normalposition, a pivoted member 86 is provided which is adapted to be swungbetween the nut 85 and the base 77, as shown in'Figs. 26 and 27. Thismember 86 is provided with a. slot 87 adapted to pass around the pin 84and is also provided with a projecting portion. 88 adapted to strikeagainst one of the pins 81. When the member 87 is swung out into theposition shown in dotted lines in Fig. 26 the nut 85 is allowed to comein contact with the base 77 so that the block 82 may be drawn closer tothe base 77 by means of the spring 83 for purposes to be hereafterdescribed. The frame 78 is provided with a bearing 90 in which ismounted a rod 91, best shown in Figs. 14 and 29. This rod 91 is providedat its outer end with a collar 92 carrying arms 93 and 94 carryingrollers 95 and 96 respectively. The roller 95 projects beyond Fig. 12.These rollers 95 and 96 are adapted to coiiperate with suitable cams aswill hereinafter be more fully described in order to rotate the clampingmechanism which is carried at the inner end of the rod 91. This theroller 96, as best shown in.

clamping mechanism comprises a block 100 having an inclined face 101.Against this inclined face 101 the ends of the loop of dou h to form thepretzel are adapted to be camped by means of fingers 102 pivoted to thesaid block 100 at 103, as best shown in Figs. 15 and 35. The fingers102have attached to them bent links 104 which are attached by means ofsprings 105 to a projection 106 on the rear of the block 100 so that thefingers will be held either in their open or closed positions by meansof said springs 105. In addition to the fingers 102 one side of theblock 100 is preferably also provided with an additional finger 107 forsupporting one end of the loop of dough as will be hereinafter morefully described. After the loop of dough has been deposited upon thefingers 6'5 and 66 as hereinbefore described, the projecting portion 67of the central finger 65 is struck by the ejector block 82 so that thefingers are raised up into the position shown in Fig. 5, the bodies ofthe fingers being substantially horizontal. In this position the fingerscan pass the ejector block 82, the central finger 65 passing between thepins 80 and 81. The pins 81 come in contact with the loop of doughcarried by the fingers and raise the loop fromthe fingers,'as best shownin Fig. 5. These pins 81 are of such length that if two -loops of doughshould by any chance rest on the fingers at the same time only one loopwill be picked up, as clearl shown in Fig. 5. The ends of the loop 0dough are prevented from striking together by means of a block 108carried on a crosspiece 109 as best shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

While the loop of dough is being raised from the fingers 65 and 66 theframe 78 is held in a retracted position b means of a roller 110 carriedby the said rame and en gaging with the interior of a cam track 111, asbest shown in Fig. 9. The frame is held in such position that theinclined face 101 of the clamping block will be in the ath of the finger65 as said finger drops rom its horizontal position. The face 101 thusserves to retard the fall of the finger and thus obviates thepossibility of one roll of dough falling on top of another as mightoccur if one roll of dough was fed to the fingers while another was heldon the fingers if the fall was not retarded; This would result in thetwo rolls being taken up and twisted together. After the base 77 withits attached parts has passed beyond the fingers and 66, the roller 110comes in contact with a second cam track 112 which serves to throw theframe 78 outwardly so that the fingers 102 are engaged by pivoted arms113 as best shown in Figs. 7, 8, 15 and 16. These arms 113 are pivotedon rods 114 carried in a casting 115 which also carries cam tracks aswill be hereinafter more fully described. The arms 113 strike againststops 116 carried by the frame 42 so that the arms are retained in theproper position to engage with the fingers 102. The movement of the arms113 in the opposite direction is limited by the end of the can track 111on one side of the frame 42 and on the other by a stop 180, (see Fig.8). When the fingers 102 are closed by means of the arms 113 they firmlyclamp the ends of the loop of dough against the clamping face 101 of theblock 100. The cam track 112 is provided with a recess 128 which allowsthe frame 78 to fall back to clear the arm 113 after the fingers 102 areclosed. After the arms 113 have been passed by the frame 78- a roller117 carried on an arm 118, arranged at the opposite side of the frame 78from the roller 110, comes in contact with a cam track 119 so that theframe 78 is thrown outwardly until the roller 96 engages with a camtrack 120 carried on the casting 115. The engagement of the roller 96with the cam track 120 causes the spindle 91 to be rotated andconsequently to rotate the block 100 to which the ends of the loop ofdough are attached. Arranged upon a casting 121 adjacent to the casting120 is a cam track 122 having a branch 123 provided with a cut-awayportion 124 as best shown in Fig. 16. Just before the roller 96 passesout of engagement with the cam track 120 the roller 95 engages with thetrack 122 and also with its branch 123. As is shown in Fig. 12, theroller 96 does not project beyond the frame 78 as far as the roller 95and hence passes below the branch 123 of the track 122. These camscontinue the rotation of the spindle 91. As the spindle rotates theroller 95 is lowered owing to the inclined position of the spindle sothat the roller 95 drops sufficiently to allow it to pass through thecut-away portion 124 of the track 123. After the roller 95 has passedfrom engagement with the branch 123 of the track 122 it comes intocontact with a cam track 125 at the same time that the roller 96 entersinto engagement with the track 122. A complete rotation of the spindle91 is thus secured and consequently a complete twist is made in the endsof the loop of dough, as best shown in Fig. 24. As the clamping block100 is rotated one end of the loop of dough 99 will be swung over theblock if the ends are of abnormal len th while the other will tend tofall down in ront of the block. If the first mentioned end is ofabnormal length no harm is done. In case the latter mentioned end is ofconsiderable length it would fall against and adhere to the body of theloop thus deforming the pretzel if not prevented. It is for the purposeof supporting any such ends that the auxiliary finger 107 will sup- Inorder to enable the twisted portion of the dough to be folded overwithout coming in contact with the pins 80 and 81 (Fig. 23) it isnecessary to slightly over-rotate the spindle 91. This is accomplishedby the bends in the tracks 122 and 125 as shown in Fig. 11. This slightoverrotation changes the position of the crossing ends of the pretzel soas to throw the rear strand slightly forward and the front strandslightly to the rear and thus permit them to pass down between the pins80 and 81 as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 23, without striking them asit would be liable to do if not over-rotated. While the spindle is heldin this slightly over-rotated position, the roller 117 is moved by meansof the cam 119 and a second cam 126 so as to fold the frame 78 overagainst the ejector block 82, as best shown in Fig. 17. This folding ofthe frame 78 over the ejector block folds the twisted ends of the loopof dough over the body of the loop so as to form the dough in the shapeof the usual hand-twisted pretzel. Owing to the fact, however, that itis impracticable with the machine to secure the ends of the loop ofuniform length it is necessary to sever the ends. In order to accomplishthis I provide the base 77 with a pair of knives 130 each secured by aball and socket joint 131 with a threaded rod 132 passing through thebase 77 and secured by means of nuts 133, as best shown in Fig. 18. Theball and socket joints 131 allow the knives to adjust themselves to theface 101 of the clamping block 100 so as to insure the proper severingof the dough at all times. It is necessary, however, to prevent toogreat a movement of the knives 130 and I provide each of the knives witha short slot 134 which engages with the end of a pin 135 carried in thebase 77. The end of this pin 135 is slightly less in width than the slot134 so as to allow of a limited movement of the knife 130. The knives130 are each provided with a square end 181 which form wearing surfaceswhich limit the movement of the knives and thus protect the edge whichwould other" wise soon be dulled by contact with the ,block 100. Inorder to prevent the entire weight of the frame from being at oncethrown against the knives when the frame is folded over, I provide a cam136 which is adapted to engage with the roller 110 and thus allow theclamping block to descend gradually and hold the knives slightly out ofcontact with the face of the block 100. As soon as the roller 110reaches the end of the cam 136 the frame is allowed to drop slightly soas to bring the knives firmly against the block 100 thus completelysevering the ends of the dough. Some little time is necessary for theends to adhere to the body of the loop. This time is secured while theframe ismoving from the cam 136 until the roller 117 comes in contactwith a cam track 187 which swings the frame 78 away I from the clampingbase 77 and the knives carried thereby. The rolls 110 then come incontact with a cam track 137. Arranged adjacent to the cam track 137 isa cross-bar 138 carrying a U-shaped member 139 which is adapted toengage with the ends of the clamping fingers 102 and move the fingersaway from the clamping face 101, as best shown in Figs. 34 and 35. Theseveral ends of the dough are thus released and allowed to fall downupon the table 140. A guardplate 141 is preferably provided in order toprevent the pieces of dough from falling out at the front of themachine.

In order to remove any of the pieces of dough which might adhere to theface 101 I provide a scraper blade 142 which is carried upon a U-shapedmember 143 pivoted to a bar 144 and normally held in raised positionagainst the stop 127, by means of springs 145, as best shown in Figs. 28and 32. As

.the frame 78 is thrown from the position shown in dotted lines in Fig.32 to that shown in full lines it will be evident that the face of theclamping block 101 will be drawn across the edge of the knife 142 so asto remove any adhering dough from the face of the said block. About thesame time the fingers 102 are engaged by a pair of finger cleaningblades 146 which are pivoted to the U-shaped member 143 hereinbeforereferred to. The lower ends of these finger cleaning blades 146 aredrawn against stops 128 by means of a spring 147 so as to force theupper ends of the blades firmly against the inner sides of the fingers102 as the fingers are drawn past the cleaning blades. The upper ends ofthe cleaning blades are beveled, as shown at 148 in Fig. 28, so as toinsure the passage of the blades between the fingers. The movement ofthe frame 78 in passing the fingers is such that the fingers are drawndownward and away from the blades 146 at the same time, thus effectivelycleaning the fingers of any pieces of dough which might adhere thereto.Adjacent to the cam track 137 is a pair of guide-plates 150 carried bycross-bars 151 which also support the guard-plate 141 and the springs145 hereinbefore referred to. These guide plates 150 engage with therolls 95 and 96 so as to prevent the rotation of the spindle while theframe78 is in the position shown in Fig. 32. After the clamping face andfingers have been cleaned the frame 78 is held in its retracted positionby means of the engagement of the roller 110 with the annularcontinuation 152 of the track 137. Adjacent to the continuation 152 ofthe track 137 is a notched track 153 which engages with the arms 154formed on the ejector block 82. The engagement of these arms with theteeth of the track 153 causes an upward and downward movement of theejector block 82 so as to loosen ,and eject the pretzel, and force theface of the ejector block completely beyond the pins 80 and 81. At theend of the toothed part of the track 153 is a straight portion which isof sufficient height to retain the face of the ejector block in itsposition completely beyond the pins 80 and 81 and thus hold the block inposition to be scraped. The pretzel falls upon an endless belt orcarrier 156 passing around a pulley 157 on a shaft 158 and is carried toany suitable point.

In order to remove any traces of dough which might adhere to the face ofthe ejector block 82 I arrange adjacent to the path of said block ascraping blade 159 which blade is adapted to scrape the face of theblock 82. The block 82 is provided with an inclined forward end 160 soas to insure the proper engagement of the knife with the face of theblade. The knife is adjusted by means of screws 1.61 preferably carriedby means of a pan 162 which is adapted to contain oil for oiling theface of the ejector block 82 and all parts coming in contact with thedough.

As it is only necessary to oil the parts at considerable intervals oftime I do not provide automatic means for oiling the parts but dependupon oiling the parts by hand. An oiling cam 183 arranged just beyondthe ejector cam 153 holds the ejector block in proper position to allowthe various parts to be oiled.

Adjacent to the pan 162 is a cam 163 which is adapted to strike theejector arms 154 and force-the ejector into normal position in case thespring 83 should fail to retract it. The parts are now all in theirnormal position and the pins 81 are ready to receive another loop ofdough from the fingers 65 and 66. While the frame 78 is swung inwardlythe block 100 is prevented from rotation by the engagement of the rolls95 and 96 with the curved track 182 formed integral with the frame 76.

In order to drive the various rotating parts above described, the frame40 is provided with a shaft 165 upon which is mounted a pulley 166driven from any suitable source of power. Secured to the shaft 165 is asprocket wheel 167 around which passes a sprocket chain 168. Thissprocket chain .168 also passes around a sprocket wheel 169 mounted on ashaft 170 carrying a roller 62 hereinbefore referred to. The bearings ofthe shaft 170 may be adjusted by means of a hand-wheel 171 in order totake up the slack in the belt or conveyer 60. The sprocket chain 168also passes around a sprocket wheel 172 of the shaft 59 carrying theroll 41. Passing in the opposite direction from the sprocket wheel 167the sprocket chain 168 passes around a sprocket wheel sprocket wheels172 and 175 is a sprocket wheel 176 which forms an idle wheel for takingup the slack in the chain 168. This wheel 176 is mounted upon a shaft177 adapted to be adjusted by means of a handwheel 178. It will beevident that by the above arrangement all the main rotating parts of themachine are driven by means of the single sprocket chain 168 and at thesame time the necessary provision is made for tightening the slack notonly in this chain but in the conveyers 60 and 156 driven therefrom.

It will be observed that the face of the ejector block 160 stands atsome distance from the edge of the knives so that the ends of the doughwill not be unnecessarily fiattened when they are cut off. This distancecan be varied by the pivoted member 86 as hereinbefore described inorder to adapt the machine to handle rolls of dough of differentdiameter.

The operation of the machine briefly is as follows: The dough afterbeing rolled between the cylinder 43 and concave 44 is delivered bymeans of the endless carrier 60 to the fork comprising the fingers 65and 66. The roll of dough is formed into a loop by dropping upon thesefingers and is lifted therefrom by means of the pins 80 and 81 when theframe 77 is moved past the said fingers by the rotary member 76. Afterthe loop of dough is secured on the holder the clamping fingers 102 areforced in against the ends of the loop by the engagement of said fingersby the members 113. As the holder passes around the machine the wheelsand 96 engage with the tracks 120, 122, 123, and 125, so as to rotatethe holder and thus twist the ends of the loop to form the pretzel. Ashas been previously described,

the ends of the loop of dough about the same time the folded ends areheld against the body of the loop until the parts are firmly attached toeach other. As the holder passes on around the machine the pivoted frameis the twisting frame is rotated through again moved away from the bodyof the holder and the clamping fingers 102 are engaged and released bymeans of the part 139 allowing the severed ends to fall down on thesupport 140. After the severed ends are released the ends of the arms154 engage with the toothed rack 153 so as to impart a series ofmovements to the ejector which ejects the pretzel from the holder and atthe same time cleans any adhering dough from the pins 80 and 81. Afterthe pretzel is ected from the holder and while it is held in its outerposition the face of the ejector is scraped by means of the knife 159.After being scraped by the knife 159 the ejector returns to its normalposition and is in readiness to repeat the cycle of operations abovedescribed. It will be evident that each of the holders will thus formone pretzel during each revolution of the machine.

Ilaving fully described my invention, what I cla m as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

'1. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a travelingholder adapted to engage and hold the body of a loop of dough, of atwisting device traveling with said holder and adapted to twist togetherthe two ends of a loop of dough carried by said holder.

2. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a plurality ofrotating holders. each adapted to engage and hold the body of a loop ofdough, of a plurality of twisting devices rotating with said holders andadapted to twist the ends of the loop carried thereby.

3. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a plurality oftraveling holders. each adapted to engage and hold the body of a loop ofdough, of a plurality of twisting devices traveling with said holdersand adapted to twist the ends of the loops of dough carried by saidholders and fold the same over the bodv of the loop.

4. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a plurality ofrotary holders, each adapted to engage and hold the body of a loop ofdough, ofa plurality of twisting devices rotating with said holders andadapted to twist the ends of the loops of dough carried by said holdersand fold the same over the bodies of the loops.

5. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a holderadapted to hold a loop of dough, of means for twisting the ends of theloop together and folding the ends of the loop over the body, and meansfor severing the ends of the loop.

6. In a machine for making pretzels, the

combination with a movable member, of a plurality of holders carried bysaid member and each adapted to hold a loop of dough, means for twistingthe ends of the loops and folding the twisted ends over the bodies ofthe loops, and means for severing the ends.

7. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a rotarymember, of a plurality of holders carried by said member and eachadapted to hold a loop of dough, means for twisting the ends of theloops and fold ing the twisted ends over the bodies of the loops, andmeans for severing the ends.

8. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a holderadapted to receive a loop of dough, of clamping means for the ends ofthe loop, means for twisting the ends of the loop and folding thetwisted ends over the body of the loop, means for releasing saidclamping means, and an ejector for discharging the loop from said holderafter said clamping means are released.

9. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a holderadapted to hold a loop of dough, of means for twisting the ends of theloop and folding the twisted ends over the body of the loop, means forsevering the ends, and means for ejecting the pretzel from the holder.

10. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, a holder carried thereby and adapted to carrying the body of aloop of dough, a rotary clamping device for twisting the ends of theloop, and a frame pivoted to said holder for folding the twisted endsover the body of the pretzel, said frame carrying said clamping device.

11. In a machinefor making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said movable member and adapted tocarrying the body of a loop of dough, a rotary clamping device fortwisting the ends of the loop, a frame pivoted to said holder forfolding the twisted ends over the body of the pretzel, said framecarrying said clamping devices, and an ejector carried by said holder.

12. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said member and adapted to hold a loop ofdough, a frame pivoted to said holder. a rotating clamping devicecarried by said frame, and knives carried by said holder and adapted tocooperate with said clamping device to sever the ends of the dough.

13. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said member and adapted to hold a loop ofdough, an ejector movable relatively to said holder, a frame pivoted tosaid holder, a rotating clamping device carried by said frame, andknives carried by said holder and adapted to cotiperate with saidclamping device to sever the ends of the dough.

14. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder adapted to hold a loop of dough, a frame pivoted tosaid holder, a clamping device carried by said frame, and a knifepivoted to said holder and cooperating with said clamping device tosever the ends of the dough.

15. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder adapted to hold a loop of dough, a frame pivoted tosaid holder, a clamping device carried by said frame and a knife pivotedto said holder by a universal joint and cooperating with said clampingdevice to sever the ends of the dough.

16. In a machine for. making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder adapted to hold a loop of dough, a frame pivoted tosaid holder, a clamping device carried by said frame, a knife pivoted tosaid holder by a universal joint and cooperating with said clampingdevice to sever the endsof the dough, and means for limiting themovement of said knife on its pivot.

17 In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a holderadapted to hold a loop of dough, of a clamping device, and means forscraping the faces of the clamping device.

18. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said member and adapted to hold a loop ofdough, an ejector movable relatively to said holder, a frame pivoted tosaid holder, a clamping device rotatably car ried by said frame, andmeans for scraping the face of said clamping device 19. In a machine formaking pretzels, the combination with a holder adapted to hold a loop ofdough and provided with clamping fingers, of means for scraping saidclamping fingers.

20. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said movable member, an ejector movablerelatively to said holder, 21. pivoted frame carried by said holder, aclamping device rotatably carried by said frame and provided withclamping fingers, and means for scraping said clamping fingers.

21. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a holder forthe pretzel, of an ejector moving relatively to said holder, and meansfor scraping said ejector.

22. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said member, an ejector movablerelatively to said-holder, and means for scraping the face of saidejector.

23. In a machine for making pretzels, the

combination with a movable member, of a.

holder carried by said member provided with pins for the reception ofdough, and an ejector for the pretzels, said ejector forming a scraperfor said pins.

24. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said member, clamping means for a pretzelcarried by said holder, releasing means for said clamping means, anejector for discharging the pretzel from the holder after the release ofsaid clamping means, and means for imparting to said ejector a series ofimpulses to discharge each pretzel.

25. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a movablemember, of a holder carried by said member, clamping means for thepretzel carried by said holder, releasing means forsaid clamping means,an ejector for discharging the pretzel from the holder after the releaseof the clamping means, and a toothed cam for imparting to said ejector aseries of impulses to discharge each pretzel. a

26. In a machine for making pretzels, the

combination with a movable member, of a 27. In a machine for makingpretzels, the

combination with a movable member, of a holder carried by said movablemember and adapted to hold a loop of dough, an ejector movablerelatively to said holder, and means for variably limiting the movementof said ejector toward said holder.

28. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with means forrolling the dough into cylindrical form, of an L-shaped finger adaptedto form the cylinder of dough into a loop and hold the same in suspendedposition, and .a holder moving upwardly past said finger and adapted toremove the loop of dough therefrom.

29. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with means forrolling the dough into cylindrical form, of a pivoted L- shaped fingeradapted to form the cylinder into a loop of dough and hold the same insuspended position, and a holder moving upwardly past said finger andadapted to remove the loop of dough therefrom.

30. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with means forrolling the dough into cylindrical form, of a pair of tapered L-shapedfingers, said fingers being pivoted and adapted to form the cylinder ofdough into a loop and hold the same in suspended position, and a holdermoving upwardly between said fingers and adapted to remove the loop ofdough therefrom.

31. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with means forrolling the dough into cylindrical form, of a fork formed of inclinedbent fingers for receiving the dough and forming it into a loop, aholder adapted to receive the loop from said fork and hold the same, andmeans for twisting the ends of the loop and folding the twisted endsover the body of the loop.

32. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a cylindercovered with wire netting, of a concave cooperating with said cylinderto roll the dough and also covered with wire netting, the netting ofsaid concave being provided with a backing and made removable, andsupporting stops carried-by said concave and forming grooves for thereception of said netting and backlng.

33. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with means fortwisting a loop of dough, of knives for severing the ends of the loop,said knives being provided with ends forming wearing surfaces to protectthe edge.

34. In a machine for making pretzels, the combination with a holder, ofa pivoted frame carried by said holder, a clamping device rotatablycarried by said frame, a pair of fingers for holding the ends of thedough against said clamping device, and an auxiliary finger forsupporting one of the ends.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and afiixed my seal inthe presence of the two subscribing Witnesses.

GEO. H. SCHAETZEL. [-L.s.]

Witnesses:

W. A. ALEXANDER, ELIZABETH BAILEY.

